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مشاريع طلاب خريف 2024 - F24
تقييم حالة الأمن الغذائي في المنطقة الوسطى من سورية (حمص وحماة)
Assessment the state of food security in the central area of Syria (Homs and Hama)
Climate change represents one of the greatest threats facing Syria , with its severe and potentially devastating impacts on communities, the environment, and the economy,. The most vulnerable Syrian communities are those with limited resources and low adaptive capacity and are disproportionately affected by climate change. Climate change and the induced water stress make the task of reducing food insecurity in Syria, along with implementing mitigation and adaptation measures, more challenging than ever before. Syrian communities following December 8, 2024, both at the national level and particularly in the central region, continues to face numerous climate-related risks and threats. These include drought, heat stress, reduced water flow in certain rivers, climate-induced livestock diseases, the imminent risk of transboundary animal disease outbreaks linked to increased movements of displaced people returning and their livestock, extreme cold waves, climate-driven groundwater depletion, and the spread of crop pests and diseases, among others. Adaptation strategies to climate change especially in light of extreme weather events and the increasing unpredictability of weather patterns that directly and negatively impact agricultural production leverage the issue of food security into a critical importance . This study focused on assessing the state of food security in Syria’s central region using a set of simple and composite indicators to determine the vulnerability of communities to climate change and food insecurity. This approach helps identify the most vulnerable communities and prioritize them, especially in the context of limited funding allocated to Syria in general and to the central region in particular. The study revealed that the final vulnerability index remained stable in 2025 compared to the two preceding years for several sub-districts in Homs Governorate. However, an increase in vulnerability was observed in nine sub-districts of Homs during 2024 and 2025 compared to 2023. Similarly, in Hama Governorate, the study showed an increase in the final vulnerability index in five sub-districts during 2024 and 2025 compared to 2023, while a decrease in vulnerability was noted in other areas.
إعداد: الطالب وائل كمال حداد
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة
تقييم حالة الأمن الغذائي في المنطقة الوسطى من سورية (حمص وحماة)
تقييم تضرر خدمات النظم الإيكولوجية لغابة الفرنلق في سورية
Assessment of the Damage to Ecosystem Services of the Faralq Forest in Syria
The research deals with the study of "Evaluation of the Damage to Ecosystem Services of the Farlaq Forest in Syria" and aims to identify the damaged technological systems services in the Farlaq Forest, the reasons for the damage to these services, and their consequences, relying on a questionnaire designed based on previous studies. It consists of the first section: demographic information, the second section: the most damaged technological systems services, the third section: the reasons for the damage to ecosystem services, and the third section: the consequences of the damage to ecosystem services. It will be distributed to the sample members working in the forestry of Lattakia Governorate in a random manner, then using the statistical analysis program SPSS and conducting a descriptive analysis test for the study variables and a t-test for the single sample to find out if there are statistically significant differences between the answers of the sample members regarding the assessment of the damage to ecosystem services of the Farlaq Forest in Syria, and to find out if there is a difference in the opinions of foresters regarding the assessment of the damage to ecosystem services of the Farlaq Forest in Syria according to their years of work experience.
إعداد: الطالبة ليلاس منذر أبوجيب
إشراف: الأستاذ الدكتور علي ثابت - الأستاذة المهندسة ريم عبد ربه
استراتيجية إطارية مقترحة لتطبيق تقنيات الزراعة النظيفة في منطقة الغاب
A Proposed Framework Strategy for the Implementation of Clean Agriculture Techniques in Al-Ghab District
This study aimed to design an applied framework strategy for adopting clean agriculture technologies in the Al-Ghab region, based on a field analysis of the reality of farmers in the region. A questionnaire was used to address the cognitive, behavioral, and organizational aspects related to clean agriculture, and primary data were collected via the Internet and personal interviews for a random sample of (132) farmers. The primary data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis by calculating frequencies, percentages, averages, and standard deviations, and quantitative statistical analysis by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression models.
The study results showed that farmers have relatively average agricultural experience, and that a large percentage of them have a good level of knowledge and readiness to adopt clean agriculture. However, the level of practical application was weak (5.3%) of the total number of farmers in the sample, which reflects a clear gap between knowledge and practice. Spearman's statistical analysis also demonstrated the existence of very strong and highly statistically significant correlations between clean agricultural knowledge and readiness to adopt and commit to its application on the one hand, and farmers' characteristics on the other hand. Regression models also showed that both educational level and years of agricultural experience significantly affect the level of knowledge and readiness to adopt clean agriculture at a very significant level, while clean agricultural practices are significantly affected by several factors, the most important of which are the type of agricultural activity, the number of years of agricultural experience, the size of the holding, and the level of knowledge. .......
إعداد: الطالبة ريم خليل زاهر
إشراف: الدكتور إبراهيم عبد الله - الدكتور سامر طعمة
استراتيجية إطارية مقترحة لتطبيق تقنيات الزراعة النظيفة في منطقة الغاب
التقييم النقدي لتوطين غابات المانغروف في الساحل السوري وفق نموذج تحليل التكلفة والعائد
Monetary evaluation of mangrove forest settlement in the Syrian coast based on the cost – benefit analysis model
This research examines the economic feasibility of mangrove settlement as a sustainable ecological solution to enhance the resilience of coastal ecosystems, which are facing increasing pressures from climate change and human interventions, which have led to a decline in their ability to provide their services.
The research relies on a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model to estimate the net ecological, social, and economic services of a mangrove settlement project over a twenty-year period. This includes calculating costs and identifying expected ecosystem services. This analysis serves as a quantitative tool to assess the balance between the investment and operational costs of the project and the ecological, social, and economic services it can provide, and to estimate the contribution of mangroves to improving coastal ecosystem services.
The research addresses the development of alternative scenarios based on certain hypotheses that enable testing the effectiveness of different localization models, with the aim of identifying the most economically feasible scenario based on a previously conducted ecological assessment based on local characteristics. Five different scenarios were tested to assess the resilience and efficiency of the mangrove ecosystem to be resettled. The research results revealed that the benefits outweighed the costs in the various scenarios, which encourages the adoption of this project.
The research aims to provide a practical framework for decision-makers in the field of coastal resource management and to create a mechanism to support them in adopting nature-based solutions within the framework of integrated coastal ecosystem management in Syria.
إعداد: الطالب هناد إبراهيم
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة - الدكتورة مها حنا
التقييم النقدي لتوطين غابات المانغروف في الساحل السوري وفق نموذج تحليل التكلفة والعائد
تطبيق الزراعة الذكية مناخياً في منطقة النشابية (دراسة حالة)
Application of climate-smart agriculture in the Nashabiyah region (case study)
This project constitutes an applied case study aimed at assessing the feasibility of implementing climate-smart agriculture techniques in the Nashabiyah area of rural Damascus, in light of the worsening environmental and climatic challenges the region has faced in recent years. The study was conducted based on an analysis of daily climate data for the period from January to June 2025, including the basic climatic elements affecting agricultural activity: temperatures (maximum and minimum), relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hours.
This data was statistically processed to calculate monthly averages and analyze agroclimatic indicators such as the heat pressure index (THI) and vapor pressure difference (VPD) to understand the levels of heat and water stress that crops in the region may be exposed to. The results showed a gradual rise in temperatures and a significant decrease in humidity during the spring and summer months, along with an increase in sunshine hours, which exacerbates environmental pressure on traditional agricultural systems. The study also included a description of the agricultural situation in Nashabiyah. Agriculture relies on a combination of traditional surface irrigation and, at times, irrigation with untreated wastewater, given limited water resources and limited access to modern technologies. Field crops such as wheat, barley, and legumes, along with some summer vegetables, are grown in the area using simple agricultural methods and at relatively high costs compared to the return.
Based on the analysis results, the study reached recommendations calling for the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices, such as calculated irrigation systems (drip and sprinkler), the introduction of drought- and heat-resistant crop varieties, the use of shading techniques, and improved water resource management. This will ensure the sustainability of agriculture and achieve food security in the region in light of accelerating climate change.
إعداد: الطالبة رغد خضر الحسن
إشراف: الدكتور محمد منهل الزعبي
تحليل أثر تغيرات الهطولات المطرية الناتجة عن التغيرات المناخية على النظم المائية والزراعية في منطقة السفيرة بين عامي 2020-2024
Impact analysis of rainfall changes due to climate change on water and agricultural ecosystems in As-Safira district between 2020-2024.
This study examines the effects of climate change, particularly the shifting patterns of rainfall, on the agricultural and water systems in the As-Safira district of rural eastern Aleppo, Syria. between the 2020–2021 and 2024–2025 agricultural seasons, the research was part of a master's thesis to model the impacts of climate change in Syria. The methodology combined a quantitative analysis of official data from the Aleppo Directorate of Agriculture with a survey of 101 farmers to understand their behaviors and capacity to adapt. The findings reveal that rainfall was below average in four out of the five seasons, reaching a low of 126.5 mm in 2023–2024, far below the annual average of 286.5 mm. Despite this, the land used for rain-fed crops like wheat and barley remained stable or even increased, showing a clear disconnect between farming practices and climatic realities.
The study also noted a growing reliance on irrigated agriculture, which is putting significant pressure on ground waterand increasing production costs. Survey results indicated that 87% of farmers observed changes in rainfall, and 83% confirmed a drop in productivity, leading many to seek additional work or consider abandoning farming altogether. Many farmers still rely on traditional methods, while others who wish to adapt lack the necessary technical support. The primary challenges identified include the absence of effective agricultural extension services, weak institutional response, and a heavy reliance on rain-fed crops without viable alternative plans. The lack of early climate data further hinders farmers' ability to make informed decisions.
إعداد: الطالب محمد علي الحازم كيالي
إشراف: الأستاذ الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة
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مشاريع طلاب ربيع 2024 - S24
توثيق أولي للأنواع النباتية البرية الفريدة في محافظة اللاذقية وبحث امكانية استخدامها لاقتراح بعض المحميات الدقيقة
Preliminary documentation of the unique wild plant species in the Governorate of
Latakia and examining the possibility of using them to propose some micro reserves
This study was conducted during the second half of 2024. It aimed to to update the nomenclature of plant species and families in Lattakia Governorate, recorded in the Syrian flora "Nouvelle Flore de Syria et Liban", and then to list and document the most important unique wild species (rare, endemic, and threatened species) in Latakia Governorate and investigate the possibility of proposing micro-reserves to protect the most important species. This study was prepared by reviewing: 1) the Syrian flora, 2) the official website of the Royal Botanic Gardens in the United Kingdom (KEW), and 3) the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The number of recorded species mentioned in Latakia Governorate was 1099 species, including 13 species that were recently merged with other species, bringing the total number of species in the governorate to 1086, and 267 species have been renamed in recent classifications. The Flora includes 42 listed sites in Latakia Governorate, of which 17 are included in previously declared reserves (Al-Farnalq, Fire and Ceader, Al-Bassit and Umm Al-Tayyur) and the rest (25 sites) outside these reserves, and 12 large areas that do not include a specific site, such as northern Latakia or the coastal strip. The species recorded in the Flora belong to 98 plant families. and 484 genera. The Flora mentioned 20 endemic species in Latakia Governorate, and all but 5 of are included in declared nature reserves. The number of very rare species was 22, moderately rare species 159, and relatively rare species 57, of which 10 species for very rare, 66 species for moderately rare, and 29 species for relatively rare, were found only outside of declared reserves. The number of species assessed in the IUCN Red List database was 254, including 2 species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category, 5 species in the Endangered (EN) category, 2 species in the Vulnerable (VU) category, 5 species in the Threatened (NT) category, 228 species in the Low Concern (LC) category, and 12 species in the Data Deficient (DD) category, while 832 species had no assessment in this list. The study suggested activating protection procedures in sites declared as reserves, and conducting a field assessment of biodiversity in some sites containing significant numbers of unique species and not declared as reserves, with the aim of declaring them small reserves. The study also showed the necessity of conducting an evaluation for non evaluated species according to the IUCN standards and starting as a priority, with endemic and (or) very rare species located outside the natural reserves.
إعداد: الطالبة المهندسة أحلام محمود الرحية
إشراف: الأستاذ الدكتور زهير الشاطر
تقییم هشاشة الأمن الغذائي للتغیرات المناخیة و النزوح في محافظة حلب (تطبیق رائد للمنھجیة المعتمدة من IPCC)
Assessment Of Food Security Vulnerability to Climate Change in The City of Aleppo (Application of IPCC methodology)
Climate change is significantly impacting food security for communities worldwide. These impacts include changes in climatic factors such as rainfall, storms, and drought periods. These changes can lead to decreased agricultural land productivity and harm water sources on which communities depend for their cultivation. One of the most important aspects is how these changes can lead to communities' inability to adapt to new conditions. When strong storms hit agricultural lands, they can destroy crops and make the land unsuitable for cultivation for long periods. Also, extended drought periods can reduce the amount of water available for irrigation, leading to reduced agricultural production and increased vulnerability to food insecurity. To determine the extent of the vulnerability of ecosystems and communities to climate change, the International Panel on Climate Change has developed a scientific methodology based on a number of indicators. These indicators include assessing the direct impact of climate change on environmental systems such as forests, agricultural lands, and water resources, as well as assessing the ability of communities to adapt to these changes. When we have a clear understanding of the vulnerability of systems and communities, planners and decision-makers can take the necessary actions to reduce this vulnerability and increase the resilience of communities. These actions may include improving agricultural techniques to be more resistant to climate change, improving water resource management, and raising community awareness about how to deal with climate change. In the case of Aleppo Governorate, the project aims to assess the vulnerability of food security to climate change by identifying the indicators affecting food security factors and assessing the ability of the local community to adapt to these changes. The goal is to provide detailed information to decision-makers and planners to guide them in determining the priorities and interventions needed to enhance resilience and increase the adaptive capacity of these communities. In this way, communities in Aleppo can be better prepared to face future climate challenges and ensure the continuation of food security.
إعداد: الطالبة دیما یوسف قلعه جي
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبوسمرة
دراسة مرجعية للآليات المحفزة والداعمة للاستثمار في رأس المال الطبيعي
A reference study of the mechanisms that stimulate and support investment in natural capital
Nature is man’s greatest ally. Natural capital refers to the stocks of assets that nature provides freely and that directly or indirectly provide well-being to humans. These stocks in turn provide flows of services called ecosystem services, which produce benefits and benefits that humans depend on. These great natural assets include freshwater stocks, fertile soil, clean air, biodiversity, etc. They may be renewable or non-renewable, and both types contribute vitally to economic activity and well-being, but are threatened by depletion due to various human activities. Because the world is changing rapidly, as are the available natural resources, and these resources are often decreasing, along with the space and habitat that communities depend on to secure their livelihoods, it was necessary to have a more appropriate view of reality, its potential and requirements, and a more forward-looking view of the future, within new scenarios that take into account investment in ecosystems, as an important and unique resource, not only to increase the gross domestic product and provide sustainable livelihoods for communities, but also to manage and preserve natural resources and hedge against the failure of communities to find adaptation and mitigation mechanisms, in a way that ensures the preservation of ecosystems, restores their resilience, and preserves the right of 10 future generations to them. Although the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment focused on ecosystem services and their importance to human well-being, investment in natural capital is still missing in most economic models and policy-making, especially in developing countries that do not and will not have a way to support people and nature in the future except by investing in the assets of social-ecological systems. Developing societies' awareness of the importance of investing in preserving and protecting ecosystems is an integral part of policy-making and investment plans. There is a strong and direct relationship between environmental awareness and sustainable development that developing societies seek to achieve. By encouraging and supporting public and private investments in the field of protecting ecosystems and their assets and restoring degraded ones, countries can chart a strategic path not only for growth but also to promote a more resilient and sustainable economy, especially in an era of strange climate changes, as these investments can be effective adaptive tools and mechanisms that mitigate climate impacts on social-ecological systems. To establish this investment, which is based on integrating natural capital and local communities into economic models, policy-making and investment plans, we need to better understand the state of natural capital, measure it, assess its stock, and identify the goods and services it provides, so that we are more able to mobilize natural resources in the process of economic development and in the process of local empowerment of communities and increasing their resilience. Through the current study, we propose new paths on how to organize the relationship between investment mechanisms and natural resources and their standards within the spatial scopes of natural systems in Syria to achieve their sustainability, preservation and protection.
إعداد: الطالبة ندى لايقه
إشراف: الدكتور فؤا د أبو سمرة
مشرف مساعد ماجستير مها حنا
دراسة مرجعية للآليات المحفزة والداعمة للاستثمار في رأس المال الطبيعي
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مشاريع طلاب خريف 2023 - F23
تقييم إمكانية توطين أ شجار المانغروف في الساحل السوري كإجراء تكيفي مع التغيرات المناخية
Assessment of the Potential Introduction of Mangrove Forests into the Syrian Coast as an Adaptive Measure to Climate Changes
This study aims to investigate the status quo for the climate of the coastal region, in the governorates of Latakia and Tartous, additionally, forecast future climate changes in the region up to the year 2100, and assess the suitability of introducing mangrove trees as an adaptive measure to anticipated future climate changes, as well as to identify suitable sites for their introduction. This study was prepared through field visits to various areas of the Syrian coast and conducting a scientific description of the current situation from 01/04/2024 to 01/07/2024, it also included reviewing the available related studies to reach conclusions, discussing them, and providing supportive pieces of evidence. The studied area suffers from degradation due to several factors such as human activity, pollution, climate change, and extreme weather events. The research concluded that this degradation could be addressed by introducing mangrove trees along the Syrian coast. It also identified suitable areas for establishment, including low-lying coastal regions and estuaries, and emphasized the necessity of initiating implementation from now to face future climate changes.
إعداد: الطالب بهاء سليم أحمد
إشراف: الدكتور أمير علي ابراهيم
تقييم إمكانية توطين أ شجار المانغروف في الساحل السوري كإجراء تكيفي مع التغيرات المناخية
دراسة تطبيق نظام إدارة تكاملي للنظم الايكولوجية- الاجتماعية للقرى المحيطة بمحمية الأرز و الشوح (التنوع النباتي- في السفح الجنوبي قرية بلتعا/الشوح)
Assessment for the development of integrated management system of social -ecosystems of the villages surrounding the Cedar – fir Reserve (plant diversity at the southern slope Balta'a/Alshuh village).
This study, that conducted during the period from 4/23/2023 to 4/23/2024, aimed to describe the current status of the Cedar - fir Reserve in the Baltaa/Shuwah village area. This study monitors the plant biodiversity present in the reserve and in the Baltaa/Shuwah village, and this site was chosen as the only meeting point for the cedar and fir forests affiliated with the Cedar and Fir Reserve.
This study was prepared through field surveys of the plant biodiversity present in the area to study the relative importance of each species, and the supportive, providing, organizing and ecological cultural services provided by the reserve were highlighted and the extent of its contribution to achieving human well-being. The DPSIR methodology was also used as a useful analytical framework for developing policies to implement the adaptive management approach for ecological-socio-economic systems. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders such as: forestry service providers in the Study area, the local community, through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of three villages (Al-Baraj-Al-Hajar-Baltaa/Al-Shouh), to evaluate their activities in the reserve and their impact on the sustainability of the forest ecosystem, and the extent of their compatibility with the principle of sustainability and optimal investment for local communities and future generations.
The results showed a shift The original cedar forest has turned into a secondary forest dominated by broad-leaved trees, whereas cedar was once dominant. The Lebanese cedar ecosystem, which has been present in the region since the second millennium BC, is threatened with extinction and the resulting negative environmental, socio-economic and agricultural impacts (especially since the aforementioned system is rich in the wild origins of many fruit trees). The deterioration of the Lebanese cedar forest has led to local environmental disturbance, which is reflected in the deterioration of these forests and the distribution of different species in this region. We noticed a decrease in the relative importance of the Cedrus libani from 82.5 in the year 2004 to 70.52.
In the current study, the relative importance of the Amygdalus communis decreased from 9.41 in the year 2004 to 1.45 In the current study, the relative importance of the Juniperus oxycedrus decreased from 11.43 in the year 2004 to 9.58 in the current study, and the relative importance of the Quercus infectoria increased from 7.12 in the year 2004 to 51.12 in the current study, and a clear appearance of species that were not present in the study area in the 2004 statistics, such as: Crataegus monogyna, Rhus coriaria, Asphodelus microcarpus, Cornus australis, Urtica dioica, Eryngium creticum. The results of the questionnaire also showed the dependence of the local population i n the studied sample on logging for the purpose of heating and trade at a rate of 98%, collecting herbal plants from the forest for the purpose of home use and small projects at a rate of 83.3%, hunting animals at a rate of 4.8%, grazing at a rate of 3%, and tourism currently after the crisis. Syrian by only 1%. This requires giving this area the importance it deserves, taking more stringent measures to protect the reserve, especially the center area, and applying adaptive management measures to mitigate the changes occurring in this important biological habitat and ensure its sustainability for future generations.
إعداد: الطالبة بتول وديع شخيص
إشراف: الدكتور محمود علي
مقترح إطار خطة إدارة متكاملة للمنطقة الممتدة من ميناء الصيد والنزهة إلى منطقة برج اسلام في محافظة اللاذقية من الساحل السوري
A proposal for a framework integrated management plan for the area extending from the fishing port to the Burj Islam area in Latakia on the Syrian coast
The Syrian coastal region is considered a rich zone in both natural and human resources; it contains a wide diversity of ecological and social systems with different natural, cultural and economic values, in addition to the services that these systems provide to the local community and their importance in its sustainability and well-being.
This study was conducted from 01/04/2024 to 01/07/2024, and the study area extends from the fishing and picnic port to the Burj Islam area (north of the city of Latakia). This area enjoys biological diversity and diversity of coastal and marine ecosystems. It also includes a number of diverse terrestrial ecosystems, whether in terms of plant or animal diversity, in addition to the presence of the Ibn Hani Marine Protected Area, and the archaeological area of Ugarit is close to it. This region suffers from many pressures, as a result of a number of factors such as pollution from multiple sources, as well as the impact of climate change on it. In this study, we worked on formulating a framework proposal for an integrated management plan for this region, based on an assessment of the ecological, social, and cultural heritage systems present in the region, relying on the results of the DPSIR approach and available data. Local management systems were also proposed and defined within the overall system, including the marine protected area, and mechanisms for adapting to climate change and mitigating its effects within the region were proposed.
إعداد: الطالبة رغد حكمت سوسو
إشراف : الدكتورة شيرين سليمان حسين
تقييم حالة النظام الإيكولوجي في الحوض الساكب لبحيرة الباسل ضمن حوض الأبرش، من حيث الخدمات المقدمة قبل وبعد انشاء سد الباسل ومدى تأثيرها على رفاهية المجتمع
Assessment of the state of the ecosystem for Al-Basel Lake’s basin within the Al-Abrash Basin, in terms of the services provided before and after the construction of Al-Basel Dam and their impact on the well-being of the community
Al-Abrash River catchment is distinguished by its tourism, environment, economy, and society importance, due to its stunning natural beauty and the significance of the river as a primary source of drinking and irrigation water. The river is also crucial as it is the main natural resource in the surrounding environment. Al-Basel Dam was constructed on Al-Abrash River, approximately 8 km south of Safita city, with a height of 50 meters. The dam is filled from the flow of Al-Abrash River and from the supply canal of the Arus Spring to utilize this water for irrigation. The irrigated land area from the dam's water is 10,160 hectares.
Al-Abrash River floods during winter, causing significant damage to the nearby plains. This necessitated the construction of a dam, and the project was put into service in 1998. Despite its economic importance, the project had some negative impacts on the surrounding ecological systems, by altering the river's course and reducing waterflow downstream.
Therefore, evaluating the ecological system of Al-Abrash basin, with a focus on Al-Bassel Dam and its lake, has become essential to assess and analyze the changes in ecosystem services before and after the dam's construction.
This research aims to evaluate and analyze the ecological systems in the study area, focusing on the services provided and the mutual impact between the community and its surrounding environment, highlighting how these changes affect ecosystem services.
This research will emphasize the importance of analyzing and evaluating ecological systems before intervening in them, stressing the need to consider this analysis when planning similar projects and seeking solutions that serve the purpose while preserving ecological system resilience.
إعداد: الطالبة عبير غسان سليمان
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة
تقييم درجة المعرفة بالزراعة الذكية مناخياً لدى عينة من المزارعين في ريف محافظة حمص (قطينة) - دراسة حالة
Evaluating the knowledge degree of climate-smart Agriculture among smallholder farmers in Homs Governorate countryside: a case study of Qatina
In recent years, Syria along with many other regions worldwide have witnessed severe climate changes that have exacerbated food security problems and livelihood sensitive to climate change. To address these challenges, climate-smart agricultural practices (CSA) Climate Smart Agriculture have become more critical than ever before. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of climate-smart agriculture, and determining the extent of the spread and application of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers in Qatina countryside, Homs governorate .
The importance of this study is highlighted in verifying the level of awareness and knowledge of climate change and climate-smart agriculture, and determining the extent of the spread and application of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers in the study area, in addition to the impact of demographic characteristics on farmers’ climate-smart agricultural practices.
The study used the descriptive analytical approach to address the study problem and achieve its objectives, by preparing a customized electronic questionnaire to collect information about the variables to be measured from a sample of farmers, and choosing appropriate statistical tools to process the data, as the data was processed using the SPSS program.
The study concluded many results, including a low level of knowledge among farmers about the concept of Climate Smart Agriculture, and a high prevalence of livestock production management practices in addition to climate-smart crop management practices. As for smart agriculture practices in the field of soil and water, they were low.
The results showed that there is an impact of demographic variables on the various climate smart agriculture practices in their various dimensions, and the study reached many recommendations, including spreading awareness among farmers about climate change and its effects on the environment and agricultural production, in addition to activating the role of agricultural extension in transmitting information, and spreading the culture of smart agricultural practices.
إعداد: الطالبة نسرين الحمود
إشراف: الدكتور زهير الشاطر
توجيه عمليات تقييم خدمات النظم الإيكولوجية لحفظ واستدامة محمية الشوح والأرز في سورية وفق تطبيق منهجية TEEB
Guiding the processes of evaluating ecosystem services to preserve and sustain the Fir
and Cedar Reserve in Syria according to the application of the TEEB methodology
Forests and trees make vital contributions to well-being, economic activities, ecosystem functioning and global system dynamics. There has been a lack of studies assessing the drivers of damage to Syrian forests during the current conflict. This study estimates damage since 2011 in the Fir and Cedar Reserve in the Syrian governorates of Latakia and Hama. and assessed the motives for this damage. A multidimensional approach to damage assessment was developed that combined forest inventory, remotely sensed satellite imagery analysis, questionnaires, and focus groups to enable comparison of the forest in 2010, 2015, and 2020. So, the plot inventory data and remote sensing analysis provided estimates of forest damage, while focus groups and questionnaires provided vital information on the drivers of forest loss, which is required to develop reforestation programmes. Overall, forest inventory data and satellite imagery analysis results indicated a decline in vegetation cover, density and biodiversity. The results indicated a much greater loss of forests than is available from global products such as Global Forest Watch due to the spread of low-density oak forests in Syria such as Alhamam and Alboz forests that are not classified as forests. Survey and focus group results showed that the main cause of the damage is increased demand for firewood, due to fuel shortages, increased unemployment, reduced household incomes and generally higher prices, making fuel more expensive than ever. Survey participants generally understood the importance of trees and forests, and local knowledge of the importance of forest resources has not changed over time. This multidimensional approach indicates a decline in institutional capacity to protect forests and will help in developing strategic plans for forest service and protection in the future.
إعداد: الطالبة مريان فهد
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة
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مشاريع طلاب ربيع 2023 - S23
التقييم المتكامل للنظم الحرجية – الإجتماعية في محافظة السويداء واقتراح محفظة مبادرات للمحافظة عليها وترميمها وحمايتها
Integrated Environmental Assessment of Forest Ecosystems in Suwayda Governorate and Proposal of Portfolio of Initiatives for its Conservation, Restoration and Protection
The present study includes an integrated scientific assessment of the social-forestry ecosystems in As-Suwayda Governorate, based on the Driver Pressure State Impact Response integrated assessment methodology. The ecosystems are currently under stress resulting from numerous pressures that led to drastic changes in its state and quality, and consequently the services provided to the community.
Throughout this assessment, a carefully analysis the drivers and pressures that are impacting the ecosystems during the period of 2011-2023 and their impacts on the forest-social ecosystems. To this aim, asset of indicators has been assessed based on data and information available at system's stakeholders in order to identify their impacts on the social-forestry ecosystems.
As a result of the assessment, numbers of points of intervention are suggested as responses that would facilitate the application of an adaptive strategic management plan to maintain and restore social forestry systems in As-Suwayda Governorate that helps to develop an integrated joint action plan to meet the needs of stakeholders and identify gaps and weak points and restore them to achieve the sustainability of ecosystem services and their restoration.
In the third chapter, an adaptive strategic management plan is proposed based on the assessment study of the case, to achieve sustainable management of the social-forestry ecosystems in As-Suwayda.
This plan is a model that can be replicated at levels beyond the governorate in the country or in similar systems.
إعداد: الطالبة لينا سليم عدوان
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة
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مشاريع طلاب خريف 2022 - F22
ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ بحرية ﻭﺗﺄﺛﺮﻩ بالتغيرات المناخية
Evaluating the Suitability of Amrit ecosystem as Marine Protected Area, and its Vulnerability to Climate Change
The study aims to know the relationship between the level of self-awareness and the level of ambition, and to know the differences in the level of ambition and the level of self-awareness according to the variable of gender and academic year among a sample of English language students at the University of Aleppo.
The study was applied to a random sample consisting of (100) English language students from the first and fourth years, with a total of 59 males and 41 females for the sample as a whole (28) male students and (22) female students for the first year and (31) male students and (19) female students for the fourth year.
The results concluded with the following: the level of ambition and the level of self-awareness were less than the arithmetic average of the total sample, and there was no statistically significant relationship between the level of ambition and the level of self-awareness of the study sample, and there were no statistically significant differences in the level of self awareness due to the gender variable. For first-year students, while differences were found in the fourth year in favor of males. While there are no differences in the level of ambition for first-year and fourth-year students according to the gender variable, and there are differences in the level of self-awareness and the level of ambition due to the variable of the year of study in favor of fourth-year students
إعداد: الطالبة رﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ ﺧﻮﻧﺪه
إشراف: الدكتور أﻣﯿﺮ إﺑﺮاهيم
ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ بحرية ﻭﺗﺄﺛﺮﻩ بالتغيرات المناخية
تطوير إطار لتطبيق الإدارة المتكاملة للنظم الإيكولوجية الساحلية في عمريت ومحيطها – محافظة طرطوس
Development of a framework of Integrated management of coastal ecosystems in Amrit and its surrounding - Tartus
The aim of this study is to present and develope an integrated management system, to properly and effectively manage these ecosystems and to declare it as a “protected natural-socio-cultural area,”.
To achieve that, this study presents a description of the environmental, social and cultural heritage systems in Amrit, and carries out an integrated evaluation and assessment method /DPSIR approach/ that deals with the state of social and ecological systems, the pressures they suffer from, the impacts of these pressures and identify possible responses. Together with a monetary assessment of the economic values of these ecological systems services depending on comparison with similar references.
In order to apply sustainable management with a clear vision that seeks to reach a diverse and sustainable coast , the study elaborates also on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) process mechanism, which was prepared by the Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC), and the mechanisms of stakeholders mapping who could participate in the management process.
To make this vision achievable, strategic goals have been set which can include future qualitative policies, action plans and executive programs aimed to preserving the natural ecosystems and cultural and social heritage in the region .
The study contributes to highlighting and underlying the importance of using scientific modern models and methods to identify and evaluate coastal ecosystems and coastal cultural heritage, which consider the basis for developing an integrated coastal zone management plan.
The evaluation methods can be used to develop integrated management systems in other regions, taking into account their specificity of the social and environmental systems.إعداد: الطالبة رولا جبور
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة.
الدكتور ماركو بريم - مركز PAP\RAC
تطوير إطار لتطبيق الإدارة المتكاملة للنظم الإيكولوجية الساحلية في عمريت ومحيطها – محافظة طرطوس
تقييم مشاركة شركة سيريتل في المجهود الوطني لحماية البيئة والصحة العامة
Evaluation of Syriatel's participation in the national effort to protect the environment and public health
The research will review the policy and strategy of a Syrian private company - "Syriatel" – in protecting the environment and review its programs to maintain the health and safety of employees and ensure their participation in the national effort to protect environmental systems. The research will also evaluate the procedures followed by the company by analyzing the consistency of policy modeling in relation to the environmental law and the labor law, and analyzing the results to reveal the gaps that can be worked on, their causes, and recommendations for obtaining better results at the level of different sectors. In addition, this research can be considered as an example that can be applied, after adapting it to the case of the beneficiary companies. This research will result in many recommendations and guidelines based on reference studies and what has been studied in the case of Syriatel, to be used by stakeholders, whether companies, researchers in the environmental field, or legislative bodies such as ministries and directorates in the country. This project will provide important results that can be used by Syrian companies to advance environmental thinking and direct activities towards preserving a sustainable environment that benefits companies on the one hand and public health on the other.
إعداد: الطالبة شيرين جهني
إشراف: الدكتور فؤاد أبو سمرة
الدكتورة مها حنا
تقييم مشاركة شركة سيريتل في المجهود الوطني لحماية البيئة والصحة العامة
تقييم التنوع الحيوي النباتي وأهميته للمجتمع المحلي في النظم الايكولوجية الغابوية المحروقة حديثاً في المنطقة الساحلية
Evaluation of plant biodiversity and its importance to the local community in recently burned forest ecosystems in the coastal region of Syria
This study was conducted during the spring of 2023 at the site of Ql Boor in the Qardaha region (Lattakia governorate), part of which was subjected to a fire in the year 2020. The study aimed to assess the plant biodiversity in its various forms in the newly burned coniferous forests, and to determine the social benefit of these systems through the identification of services Provided by the plant species present in it to the local community and identifying its various uses.
10 square samples were taken, each area of 100 m2 , 5 of which are in the burned part of the site and 5 others in the unburnt part. Plant surveys were carried out using the Brown-Blanque method, where the existing species, their coverage, life form, method of propagation, and their uses were recorded. The averages of the indicators of structural plant diversity (specific richness, Shannon index) and functional (life forms, propagation patterns) and uses were calculated, and compared statistically between the two studied parts. using the Mann-Whitney test.
The results showed a significant (p<0.05) superiority of the burnt part over the unburned part with indicators of specific richness, Shannon's index, and the number of herbaceous species spread by wind, pressure, and by animals from the outside. (P<0.05) On the other hand, the percentage of similarity between burnt and unburned parts, calculated using Sorenson's index, did not exceed 51.7% for species and 73.3% for families.
The study showed the importance of newly burned forest sites in terms of biodiversity and its uses, which enables it to play an important role in the ecosystem on the one hand, and the life of the local population on the other hand.
إعداد: الطالبة نانسي عمار
إشراف: الدكتور زهير الشاطر